12/10/2023 0 Comments Tower unite cheatsWheel of Money gives slow profitable payouts, Adventure Quest is easy if you have time to wait for enough lucky turns, virtual blackjack is a button mashing adventure, Double or Nothing is aptly a hit or miss, and Diamonds exists only for getting a jackpot.Īlternatively, just have fun playing the game and you'll eventually get enough money to buy one of the things you want. Intro A S A / Verse 1 S A S Means you will press A S A, Then S A S. A S (2x) D F Means you will press A, S 2 times, then pressing D F only once. The casino can be lucrative if you have ~3,000 units to risk at losses, but it's not a traditionally fun activity. A S A Means you will press A, S, A with pauses. Nobody plays Planet Panic, and plaza games don't pay very much, so those can be ignored for money grinding. Since the update, it also can't be done alone. The same could be said about mini golf.īall race works well if you can reach the melon limit for every course, but can get repetitive. If you know other secrets, hints, glitches or level. Please Submit a Problem for any incomplete, non-working or fake code listed above. Here's a video that describes how it's done. When done successfully, nobody can even keep up and you're pretty much guaranteed to win. Personally the easiest payout Ive encountered is x5 or 圆. Go fast and win Snaking is a technique performed by 'top level' tryhards. It is just a matter of how much time and credits you are willing to spend to try and win a large amount. Strategy Tower Defence Puzzle Stick War Hacked Game & Hack Information Jul 22. It averages out the same as with the other games without being in first place. Assuming that there is a 50 chance of doubling and 50 of not doubling, the expected value is always the same. cheats: Infinite gold, instant solider spawn, free upgrades, last mode. ![]() Ī lot of people say Virus is a good method, but also that you have to be among the top players for it to work. It will press spacebar every 6 seconds to spin the machine and it is capable of fooling the anti-afk checks that TU. I have little programming knowledge but I managed to get this to work and wanted to share it with people. Post content which is misleading/misinforming or has no purpose other than to "troll".įor more information, see the FAQ on the wiki. This is a program I made that automates playing on Wheel of Money in the casino on Tower Unite. If you ask nicely, we'll unban you most of the time. cooking, gardening, etc.įalsely flag posts which you disagree with.Ĭreate new accounts to circumvent a ban. Post things unrelated to Pixeltail or r/pixeltail (within reason). Post memes, images, videos, external links. Tower Unite, GMod Tower, etc.)Įngage in discussions about the above topics. ![]() Post about anything to do with Pixeltail Games (eg. Tower Unite is a community-based virtual world filled with actual games and entertainment made by people who love creating games. The unofficial subreddit for discussing the virtual world of Tower Unite and its predecessor GMod Tower!
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12/10/2023 0 Comments Usps package tracking india![]() For example, a package delivered to the United States will likely be supported by USPS. Packages departing from India can then be picked up by other transport and logistics providers in the transit and destination countries and differ by location. India Post offers an international delivery service for shipments from India and delivers packages to most countries and regions, with exceptions for certain territories. How long does it take to deliver India Post ? When a package is sent to you, the sender must provide you with a tracking number which will then be used on this site to know the status of your delivery and the location of your mail or package. India Post courier ships to many countries around the world and you can track all packages that are sent through this courier on this site with just a few clicks. India Post tracking from USA, Canada and UK Ordertracker accepts any international tracking number, it is an universal tracking website to track a parcel on a global level such as "track my parcel" with accurate informations about your shipment. ![]() We provide you with the most powerful parcel tracking system for any post office. India Post package tracking is easy with Ordertracker, all you have to do is to paste your tracking number in the above field to track a package or go to the track my package section. 12/10/2023 0 Comments Weather phoenix tomorrow![]() ![]() This kind of extreme heat is one of the hallmarks of human-caused climate change, the symptoms of which are tallying up this year into a global record box score of sorts: “unprecedented” ocean heat off the coast of Florida and in the North Atlantic record heat in Beijing, in what could be one of the hottest summers in China record energy demand and heat in Texas and an ongoing “Cerberus” heat wave, threatening to topple European temperature records. ![]() Limit your exposure,” the park said on its website. “These are extremely dangerous/deadly temperatures! Hikers should be OFF TRAILS in the afternoon. We strongly recommend to not start a hike if the temperature is over 85F degrees.”Īlso, Texas authorities at Big Bend National Park said temperatures top 110 degrees daily along the Rio Grande river and throughout the desert areas. Officials at New Mexico’s White Sands National Park cautioned,”High temperatures over 100F degrees are expected. In turn, Death Valley National Park in California and Saguaro National Park in Arizona posted warnings on their websites advising people not hike after 10 a.m. It has only happened a handful of times, one of which is the all-time global record high temperature of 134 degrees. Ocean heat around Florida is 'unprecedented,' and scientists are warning of major impactsĮven the hottest place on Earth, California’s Death Valley, could reach rare highs, with 130 degrees possible Sunday, forecasters at the National Weather Service told CNN. Scientists are concerned Florida's unprecedented water temperature could lead to bleaching this year. Struggling or dead corals in the mass bleaching event in the Florida Keys in 2014. 12/10/2023 0 Comments Andy ngo book![]() Which brings yet more free publicity to the book. That offers further outrage-content opportunities, such as Fox News pointing out how silly it was for NBC to treat those two resignations as news ( that article describes Shrier’s book as “paint transgenderism as a mental illness,” which isn’t really accurate). In addition, many mainstream outlets are clearly and increasingly biased in how they report on these issues, including in their news coverage. So Ngo and Shrier both got extra interviews and coverage as a result of the deplatforming attempts. When these outlets can (pretty accurately!) talk about the books these social justice warriors don’t want you to read, it guarantees them a lot of attention and eyeballs. Plus, all this stuff is basically a wet dream for conservative media, or even for non-conservative media that is skeptical of social-justice overreach. That said, does any sane person anywhere believe that the deplatforming attempts didn’t help Ngo and Shrier sell truckloads of books? When you try to get a bookseller, whether a small or a big one, to stop carrying a book, it brings a lot of attention to that title! And naturally, even many otherwise disinterested onlookers are going to arch their eyebrows skeptically when they find out that someone is trying to pull a book off the (virtual or real) shelves of some seller. And of course we don’t have access to a parallel universe in which progressives’ critiques of these books were measured and didn’t involve attempts at deplatforming. Antifa and youth transition are both very hot, contentious topics, and books that take assertive stances on such topics tend to have a pretty good shot at selling well (to the extent anyone can predict book sales). Now, I do think both of these books were likely to sell well no matter what. This virtually guarantees both authors highly remunerative futures in book publishing, enhancing their ability to disseminate their ideas further. Ngo’s hit the New York Times bestseller list and was #1 on all of Amazon at one point during the most feverish early days of the controversy, and when I recently checked Shrier’s on Amazon, it was in the top 100, which, for a book that came out more than a year ago, suggests eye-popping sales. ![]() I’m kidding, of course: Both Shrier and Ngo have sold a zillion copies of their books. Similar deal with Unmasked: A bunch of theretofore neutral middle-American onlookers said “Whoa - if people are this mad about the book, I probably don’t want something like that in my household.” Ngo’s career, too, is now on life support. ![]() We all know what happened in both cases: The impact of being delisted from, combined with the taint of the employee uprising, dropped Irreversible Damage to the bottom of the charts, where it has languished ever since. Demonstrators returned to the store again Tuesday, and a spokesperson confirmed to KOIN 6 News that they again closed early.” The store closed early citing safety concerns. Back when the book came out, “an angry crowd assembled outside the store’s Burnside location in Portland’s Pearl District, attaching signs denouncing Ngo to the windows. In that case, the protests centered around a branch of Powell’s, the legendary bookstore in Portland, the city where Ngo and much of his reporting have traditionally been based. (Someone did tweet at me the other day saying they saw a physical copy in a Target, so who knows.)Īnother book unpopular among progressives is Andy Ngo’s “Unmasked: Inside Antifa's Radical Plan to Destroy Democracy.” I haven’t read that one, but you can probably garner from the title why they’re mad. There was also a campaign to get Target to stop carrying the title, and online, at least, if you search for “Irreversible Damage” on, all you’ll get for relevant matches is Irreversible Damage: The Katie Suarez Social Justice Series, a book which I am going to guess doesn’t contain a huge amount about alleged social contagion among teenage girls. Two employees out of more than 1.3 million have quit over this issue, so of course that’s a news story. That controversy centers on Abigail Shrier’s Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters, a book that some activists, including employees within Amazon, have been trying to get the book juggernaut to stop carrying entirely. I think there are something like 19 errors in the middle two articles from SBM’s four-part series. ![]() I didn’t send it out as an email because I felt self-conscious about drowning you guys in thousands more words on a fairly niche subject, but yesterday I posted another long critique of Science-Based Medicine’s remarkably shoddy coverage of the youth gender medicine debate. 12/10/2023 0 Comments Best place to work remotely![]() There is also the option to work from home or in different work locations. Sprinklr offers great flexible work opportunities, including unlimited holidays and personal days off. This company is a social media management platform for enterprises. You can check out the open job positions here and the different salaries for each role. Employee reviews suggest they are able to change their schedule depending on personal commitments. They offer part-time work in some instances and the option to work remotely. This is a gaming-focused leisure and entertainment group known for its flexible shift patterns. ![]() Take a look here for job positions available in virtual locations. For certain job positions, Amazon has remote work positions available to qualified individuals. AmazonĪmazon is a multinational technology company that focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. There are several open job positions across the UK but also, as it’s an international company, there are positions available for different languages too. The company has facilitated working from home since the pandemic restrictions by taking advantage of its digital capabilities and tools. If customer service isn’t really your cup of tea, job opportunities are always coming up so keep an eye on their website.Ī large mobile communications company that provides fixed and mobile telephone, broadband and subscription television. ![]() If you enjoy talking on the phone and offering customer and technical support then you could be well-suited to this role. If you’re looking for remote work, their Home Advisor position as part of the Apple Support team is the place to start. AppleĪpple, another tech company that needs no introduction. Their remote positions range from software engineers to analysts and UX designers which you can find here. They offer remote work and, just as importantly, are known for their impressive employee benefits and efforts in the diversity and inclusion space. They help organisations to forecast customer trends based on live data. SAP is a software company focused on data science. Job positions are available mainly in the London area and the company is accepting different levels of experience, such as recent graduate jobs and also internship programmes. According to employee reviews, they give you flexibility to structure your work however suits you. They are not a fully remote company but allow work from home on occasion. Thomson Reuters are a mass media and business information company. Yearly Salary varies for different job positions which you can view here, ranging from around £27,000 for an Administrative support role to £55,000 for a financial controller role. TFL has been recognised for excellent remote team opportunities, work-life balance and flexibility. This includes buses, tubes, trams, London Overground trains and also the London bike scheme. Transport for London is a local government body responsible for the transport system in Greater London, England. Plus, 94% of reviewers on Glassdoor approve of the CEO which speaks volumes. They offer flexi-work options, training and development programmes, and have a positive reputation in relation to employee wellbeing. This information technology company has a global team and is often recruiting for fully remote roles. The company has several open remote job positions based around different parts of the UK which you can find here. ![]() They are currently embracing remote work through an agile work environment which means workers are able to work from home and on-site with flexible hours. Unilever is a British-Dutch multinational consumer goods company, headquartered in London. They have fully embraces remote work and have posted a total of 30,804 remote jobs over the past few years. CircleĬircle are an all-in-one community platform for creators and brands. It would make sense since Vodafone’s technology is frequently used to help empower remote working, right? Currently, Vodafone has several different open job positions available such as personal assistant, marketing campaign specialist and data analytics specialist, to name a few. The well-established telecommunications company is hiring flexible workers. Take a look at their open positions here. They’re a hit on Glassdoor too, with 82% saying their recommend them to a friend and an average star rating of 4.3. Strava are a sports performance company that pride themselves on their diversity and the fact that they’re one of the few companies that allow you to work from anywhere you want. Use this list to guide your job search for a remote job! Strava All of them have posted job listings advertising remote opportunities and have been hiring remote workers over the past few years. The organisations listed below are either fully remote companies or offer a hybrid schedule. 12/10/2023 0 Comments Zoom desktop client application![]() It’s worth mentioning that the free version lacks some important management controls, such as detailed reports, VoIP connectivity in the United States and the United Kingdom, admin controls, etc. As such, the free version of the app becomes an excellent choice for individuals only interested in informal chats and video calls. The program doesn’t restrict people from holding multiple virtual meetings one after another. Having said that, there are no time restrictions on one-on-one video calls. Unfortunately, free users get only limited time for the meetings or conferences. The participants are visible on-screen in a grid-style display. For instance, you can access Zoom Rooms to host virtual meetings with up to 100 people. While most companies consider one of the paid subscription plans, Zoom Meetings offers some useful features with the free account. However, the video conferencing app runs much faster as a standalone program. Since Zoom can be accessed from your web browser, there’s no need to install the application on your computer. With a stable internet connection, you won’t experience any unexpected lags. When it comes to call and video quality, Zoom leads from the front. Paid members can also benefit from VoIP connectivity, ensuring seamless communication among colleagues. Since the company offers variable and nominal pricing plans, small businesses have been interested in leveraging Zoom for official purposes. However, it has quickly become a popular choice among companies across the globe.Ĭurrently, Zoom is the preferred medium of enterprises to conduct virtual meetings, video conferences, and webinars. The application’s interface targeted informal communication, and allowed people to stay connected with friends and family. Until a few years ago, Zoom was primarily used as a messaging app for individuals. The ‘centerstage’ is taken by the participant who’s speaking, since Zoom app automatically detects audio from users. All the participants are displayed in thumbnails stacked at the top of the main window. ![]() Right at the bottom of the window, you can find multiple meeting controls, giving access to various functionalities. When you join or start a meeting, a pop-up window appears on the screen. There’s a dedicated ‘ Meetings’ tab, which gives information about scheduled and completed virtual meetings. The program takes cue from leading platforms, and displays everything in large-sized icons. Once you launch the application, the ‘ Home’ screen displays multiple options, such as ‘ Share Screen’, ‘ New Meeting’, ‘ Join a Meeting’, ‘ Schedule a Meeting’, etc. Paid members can also record videos for convenient offline access.Ĭompared to other collaboration tools, Zoom comes with a simpler interface. Unlike other apps in this category, the program lets you set up calls in HD video quality. The app also lets you download textual transcripts, which come in handy for reviews and feedback. With Zoom, you can set up voice calls, video calls, share files, and perform other similar tasks. While the tool comes with multiple features, the company’s focus has been on building a full-fledged video conferencing platform. In recent times, Zoom has been the go to application for connecting with colleagues, clients, and friends around the world. While the program is available for free, it comes with variable subscription options, just in case you’re interested in using more features. With Zoom, you can also conveniently set up webinars. In fact, the application is available for multiple operating systems, which makes it easier to sync data across devices. Zoom is a leading platform for setting up virtual meetings, video conferences, direct messages, and collaboration tasks. Dinkar Kamat Updated 7 days ago A simple but feature-packed communication tool 12/9/2023 0 Comments Photo converter to jpeg format![]() Many people use the PNG format on their websites to get higher-quality images. This way, you can create a fast and responsive site that will significantly distinguish you from the competition. The JPEG format is a must for those who run blogs, online portfolio sites, etc. Furthermore, an image that has less "weight" loads much faster on your site, which is shown to improve conversion rates, as well as boost search engine rankings. The resolution of the final image will indeed be lower but, on most websites, this difference will not be noticeable. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of the final file, especially when compared with other formats, such as PNG. The primary reason is that JPEG allows lossy compression. Resizing.app isn’t just your JPEG converter to PNG but the ultimate companion for all your image format conversion needs.There are several reasons you should convert PDF to JPEG, as well as with other formats: PNG, HEIC, GIF, WebP and BMP. Resize and optimize the image as necessary then select PNG from the drop-down menu of “Convert to” and Save. When the File Upload dialogue box appears, click on the JPEG image you wish to reformat and click the Open button. On the home page, click the “Choose a file” button. You can easily convert JPEG online through the Resizing app. How to Convert BMP, GIF, WEBP, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, and HEIC files to JPEG, PNG, or WEBP format using Resizing.app Select JPEG Picture then click Save when the Save As dialogue box appears or type a new name for your image before saving. After the image appears, tap File then click Save As. In Windows, you can right-click on the image from File Explorer and open with Paint or open the Paint app and open the file there. The WebP lossy format is 25% to 34% smaller than its JPEG counterparts while its lossless version is 26% smaller than PNGs. WebP is a new image format developed by Google that uses both lossy and lossless compression. Once the picture is on the document, right-click on it and select “Save as Picture.” When the File Save dialogue box appears, click on the drop-down menu in “Save as Type” and choose “JPEG File Interchange Format.” Type in a new file name for your image then click Save. In a new, blank Word document, tap Insert from the top tool bar then click your GIF image. You can use MS Word to turn a GIF image into a JPEG. Once installed in your operating system, you can right-click an HEIC image in File Explorer and make the conversion by tapping “Convert to JPEG with CopyTrans.” How to Convert GIF to JPEG You can also download and install CopyTrans HEIC for Windows. When you do, you will see the link “Download codecs at Microsoft Store.” Click “Get” once you are brought to the Microsoft Store so you can open HEIC images. In Windows 10, double-click the image from the Photos app. HEIC extension are images captured by an iPhone or iPad. How to Convert HEIC to JPEGįiles with an. You can similarly convert PNG images to JPEG format in Paint by opening the file in the application, tapping File then Save As and clicking JPEG Picture. When the dialogue box appears, choose PNG Picture and then click save or assign a new name to your new PNG file. To do this, open your JPEG image in the program then tap File on the toolbar and click Save As. You can use Paint in Windows to change your JPEG file into PNG. They are also the best to use when you need to e-mail business photos or share pictures on social media. JPEG is the ideal file format to use for fast-loading websites and webpages due to their low file sizes. Therefore, JPEG isn’t recommended as an archival image format and for text-heavy illustrations or images with defined lines. ![]() As its name suggests, quality is lost as data is discarded every time such a file format is opened, edited, and saved. Its compression algorithm groups together similar pixels, allowing images to be reduced to a small size.īut there’s a cost to this process, also called lossy compression. JPEG images typically achieve a 10:1 compression ratio, meaning a 10MB image saved in the JPG format will have a size of 1MB. How Image File Sizes are Reduced through JPEG This image file format stores full-color information at 24 bits per pixel or a total of 16 million colors, making it the best option for complex still images or photographs. JPEG is currently the standard compressed format for online image sharing because of its ability to balance image quality and file size. Make Resizing.app Your JPEG Converter for Quality Online Pics 12/9/2023 0 Comments Casa maya akumal mexico![]() close to fruit market, stores, and restaurants. close enough to walk to the beach or take a small taxi. Akumal Bay Beach and Wellness resort and purchased an amazing beaded jaguar. It was a nice spacious room, private bath, king size bed, sink, coffee maker, small fridge, room service after 3 days. Travel light – it’s already at Casa Elegante beach bags, coolers, hair dryers, fun games, pool mats and toys, rain ponchos and even towels to use on your golf cart. Maya A Beach Front Luxury Villa Resort in Riviera Maya, Mexico. You will be comfortable and feel at home with plush beds, linens and towels, well-stocked kitchen, water softener, dishwasher, laundry, wine fridge, printer and high-speed Internet. The house sits in the hearth of Akumal with in 2 minutes walk to the stunning white sandy beach, restaurants, art and crafts stores, and the main plaza. Popular attractions Akumal Beach and Hekab Be Biblioteca are located nearby. Enjoy free WiFi, private pools, and onsite parking. Both the current (latest) image, and the most recent daylight image are available for each webcam. Stay at this family-friendly villa in Akumal. What makes Casa Elegante special is an open high-end design, beautiful furnishings, addressing every detail and providing unique amenities for an experience to remember. Here you can see the latest view from 3 live webcams in the destination of Akumal, Mexico. Relax in the heated pool to complete the day while star gazing with peaceful ocean breezes and your favorite drink in hand. Come home from a day at the beach or activities to comfortable seating and loungers to watch amazing sunsets over Cancun. El Ultimo Maya Casa en Akumal Precio promedio por noche: MXN 914 8. Quintana Roo Riviera Maya Akumal Akumal Tourism: Best of Akumal About Akumal Akumal means 'Place of the Turtle' in the Mayan language, and if you snorkel here, you just might see one swimming alongside you. Ver alojamientos en el mapa Filtrar por: Puntuación. Start the day on the spacious rooftop lounge to take in spectacular sunrises over the Caribbean with our included coffee. Las 10 mejores casas vacacionales en Akumal, México Echa un vistazo a nuestra selección de casas vacacionales geniales en Akumal. Plenty of resort style loungers to soak up rays by the private pool. Several private terraces with ocean views, lounge in the hammocks while listening to the waterfall or your favorite music on our Bluetooth speakers. This fun and modern condo is great for a relaxing getaway or an adventurous retreat. It’s surrounded by lush vegetation of the Mayan jungle, and just across the street from the Caribbean Sea. ![]() Enjoy the elegance of our peaceful and desirable south-end paradise, but within mins to any of Isla’s beach clubs, restaurants or Playa Norte, consistently rated as one of the best beaches in the world. Casa Sereno is located in Tao Santamar, built in 2022 so it has tons of modern conveniences and high-end finishes. 12/9/2023 0 Comments Weekly bill planner printable![]() Track your business expenses with this savvy download. There are 40 pages to choose from! Business Expenses Tracker Track your savings account growth with this visual aid. Track your emergency fund savings with this download! $1,000 Savings TrackerĬhallenge yourself to save $1,00 with this cute tracker! Savings Account Tracker Track your annual income from your 9-5, side hustle, and more! Emergency Fund Tracker Keep track of what you’ve paid off and what you still owe! Debt Snowball Trackerįilling in this tracker will make it more fun to pay off your debt. Use one of these two printables to track your student loan debt repayment! Credit Card Debt Tracker Car Payment Tracker Student Loan Repayment Tracker Make sure you download the free yearly income tracker and bill overview printables from this section. Some of the spreads you’ll find are a tracker to keep your savings goals in check, a student loans repayment tracker, a monthly budget page, and more. ![]() ![]() You’ll find that three big areas that contribute to your personal finances debt, savings, and bills. This section has the biggest amount of amazing bujo layouts and free printables. This blank planner checklist is perfect for listing your Financial Education Resources to keep all in one place. This Savings Challenge Tracker bundle comes with 40 sheets to inspire you to reach your savings goals! Want and Give List This No Spend Challenge Tracker helps you keep track of your progress through the challenge visually! Savings Challenge Tracker Click the image to download it! No Spend Rules & Tracker This printable helps you track your financial goals at any given time. This printable helps you keep your credit score progress organized in one place. This download comes with 11 coloring pages with powerful money affirmations and mantras. This 90 day guided journal gives you tools and prompts to rewrite, redefine, and reflect on your money journey. This download includes a pre-curated selection of images to help attract money to your bank accounts. Make sure you download your free financial goals printable from this section! Ultimate Money and Wealth Vision Board There isn’t a specific sub-theme like you’ll find in the other sections. These pages can also be considered a hodgepodge of financial resources. They aren’t time based so you can reference them at any point in the year and these specific pages will still be relevant. I like to call this section the introduction. Stick around at the end of this post for a few bullet journal tips before you create these spreads. It will also show you how often to use each tracker or page. This will help you get to the pages and printables that you are the most interested in faster. I’ve organized the bullet journal templates and examples into the following categories: 30+ Bullet Journal Budget Tracker Printable Downloads Some benefits of trackers like the ones you’ll see in this post are the ability to make smarter money decisions, they will help you get into a better money mindset, and they will help you take better control of your finances. In order to make smart money decisions you need to know about both your current and future financial situation.įinancial bullet journal spreads help you keep better track of things like your spending habits, emergency fund, and more. Why It’s Important To Track Your Financesīefore we get into the free bullet journal printables and bullet journal ideas, let’s discuss why tracking our finances is important. These are great to use if you aren’t quite ready to create a bullet journal, or you are just starting on the journey to tracking your finances. There are also lots of options linked for printing others. I’ve created a few free printables for you that you’ll be able to use to track your finances. ![]() The great thing about bullet journal spreads, is that they could also work as printables if you’d rather track your finances in a folder or binder. There is so much that you can track where your finances are concerned. One of the biggest collections of spreads that I have in my bullet journal each year is related to my finances. If you are familiar with bullet journaling, you know how important tracking can be when it comes to goals and habits. Here are 30+ bullet journal budget tracker printable options for organizing your finances in your bullet journal! 12/9/2023 0 Comments Source drain transistor schematic![]() When used as linear amplifiers, JFETs are usually used in either the source follower (common drain) or common-source modes. Basic JFET ‘constant-current’ biasing system.įIGURE 6. In the three biasing systems described, Rg can have any value up to 10M, the top limit being imposed by the volt drop across Rg caused by gate leakage currents, which may upset the gate bias.įIGURE 5. This system gives excellent biasing stability, but at the expense of increased circuit complexity and cost. The third type of biasing system is shown in Figure 5, in which constant-current generator Q2 sets the I D, irrespective of the JFET characteristics. Similar results can be obtained by grounding the gate and taking the bottom of Rs to a large negative voltage, as in Figure 4(b). This system thus enables I D values to be set with good accuracy and without need for individual component selection. If the gate voltage is large relative to V GS, I D is set mainly by Rs and is not greatly influenced by V GS variations. Basic JFET ‘offset-biasing’ system.Ī more accurate way of biasing the JFET is via the ‘offset’ system of Figure 4(a), in which divider R1-R2 applies a fixed positive bias to the gate via Rg, and the source voltage equals this voltage minus V GS. ![]() In practice, the V GS value needed to set a given I D varies widely between individual JFETS, and the only sure way of getting a precise I D value in this system is to make Rs a variable resistor the system is, however, accurate enough for many applications, and is the most widely used of the three biasing methods.įIGURE 4. Suppose that an I D of 1mA is wanted, and that a V GS bias of -2V2 is needed to set this condition the correct bias can obviously be obtained by giving Rs a value of 2k2 if I D tends to fall for some reason, V GS naturally falls as well, and thus makes I D increase and counter the original change the bias is thus self-regulating via negative feedback. The simplest of these is the ‘self-biasing’ system shown in Figure 3, in which the gate is grounded via Rg, and any current flowing in Rs drives the source positive relative to the gate, thus generating reverse bias.įIGURE 3. Three basic JFET biasing techniques are in common use. The JFET can be used as a linear amplifier by reverse-biasing its gate relative to its source terminal, thus driving it into the linear region. All practical circuits shown here are specifically designed around the 2N3819, but will operate equally well when using the MPF102. This month’s article looks at basic usage information and applications of JFETs. Two of the oldest and best known n-channel JFETs are the 2N3819 and the MPF102, which are usually housed in TO92 plastic packages with the connections shown in Figure 1 Figure 2 lists the basic characteristics of these two devices. Most JFETs are n-channel (rather than p-channel) devices. Basic characteristics of the 2N3819 and MPF102 n-channel JFETs. I GSS max (= gate leakage current at 25° C) ![]() I DSS (= drain-to-source current with V GS = 0V) Outline and connections of the 2N3819 and MPF102 JFETs. JFETs are low-power devices with a very high input resistance and invariably operate in the depletion mode, i.e., they pass maximum current when the gate bias is zero, and the current is reduced (‘depleted’) by reverse-biasing the gate terminal.įIGURE 1. Last month’s opening episode explained (among other things) the basic operating principles of JFETs. » Skip to the Extras Practical JFET circuits. |
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